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There is robust evidence that invest-ments in public health and primary care pay rich economic dividends. A part from the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2001), two other economists­led reports on Investing in Health (1993, 2013) con- cluded that investments in population health will yield rich returns of economic growth. The 2013 report estimated that low­ and middle­in- come countries will realise 9 to 20 fold returns respectively on invest -ments in health. A UN High Level Commission, headed by the Presidents of France and South Africa, reported in 2016 that investments for augmenting the size and skills of the health workforce yields economic growth through improved population health and productivity, reduced healthcare costs and job creation even in a gloomy global scenario of job loss. The Baumol hypothesis on investments in health was strongly disputed by this report.

India, in particular, stands to gain greatly by investing in health, especially health beyond illness care. Productivity boost promised by a demographically young population can be protected. Education and skilling of a diversified health workforce can uplift health services for health protection at both population and individual levels. When domestic needs are met, this expanded health work-force can also meet global health needs, both as a rapid action force for health emergency response and as a unit taking care of the chronic care needs of aged societies. Innovative health technologies and inexpensive pharmaceutical products can be created at scale, for domestic use and global export.  This calls for stepped up public financing for the health sector.Ques -tions may be posed as to how this can be done at a time of economic down-turn. History teaches us that such an investment is especially useful in times of economic adversity. South-East Asian countries invested in health and universal health coverage during and soon after the Asian Financial Crisis of the 1990s. The United Kingdom adopted universal health coverage soon after the Second World War. Japan adopted it in the early 1960s to hasten recovery from the economic injuries inflicted by defeat in that war. All of them recognise that greater investment in the health is a winning bet for economic development. India too much choose that path to boost the trajectory of its economic growth.