• After 1857, the repressive policy of the British Government continued and no significant development was made in the region. The political consciousness began during the last phase of 19th century with the establishment of Indian National Congress.
• In the first session of All India Congress at Bombay in 1885, Haryana was represented by young pleaders of Ambala, Lala Murlidhar and Munshi Jawala Prashad. The Congress party activities were boosted in the region after joining of Lala Lajpat Rai, who started his law practice in Hisar.
• Like other provinces, the then Haryana witnessed a series of oppressive acts of Lord Curzon. Bal Mukund Gupta, prominent Hindi writer of Haryana compared Curzon shahi with Nadir Shahi.
• After the partition of Bengal, Swadeshi Movement gained momentum. The people were motivated to take up the cause of Swadeshi in big towns of Haryana. A Swadeshi Company was established at Ambala City under the aegis of Lala Murlidhar in which Beni Prasad and Lala Dwarka Das also took part.
• Lord Minto became the new Viceroy of India after Curzon who increased the economic hardships. Some legislation like the Punjab Limitation Act, 1904; the Transfer of Property Act, 1904 and the Punjab pre-emption Act, 1905 were passed to weaken the position of money-lenders. It generated political discontent, especially among the Hindu commercial castes.
• Lala Lajpat Rai and Sardar Ajit Singh were arrested at Lahore and deported without trial in the middle of 1907 because of their opposition to these acts. On account of the arrest of Lala Lajpat Rai, a revolutionary movement began in Haryana.
• During the first World War in 1914, India being a part of the British empire was also dragged into the war activities. The people of Haryana helped the Government by providing recruits and by contributing money and material.
• At the international level in those days, Ghaddar movement gained momentum. Kanshi Ram of Ambala district was one of the architects of the Ghadar party in San Francisco with Lala Hardayal. As per historians view, Kanshi Ram was the first Haryanvi martyr in this phase of freedom movement.
• Pt. Neki Ram Sharma of Haryana, evinced keen interest in Home Rule Agitation. After his arrest in July, 1918, during a public meeting at Birla Mandir Dharamshala in Delhi, the Home Rule Agitation petered out in Haryana.
• In 1917 the Congress Party Committee was established at Rohtak and Chaudhary Chhotu Ram and Babu Shyam Lal were appointed as its president and secretary, respectively. In 1918 Congress session of Delhi, Pt. Neki Ram Sharma and Chaudhary Peeru Singh and Lala Daulat Ram participated in this session from Haryana.
• On March 30, 1919, Mahatma Gandhi called for a hartal all over India. The whole of the Haryana State responded to the call and hartals were observed in Karnal, Rewari, Hodal, Rohtak, Sonipat etc.
• The Punjab atrocities, discontentment over the Khilafat issue and the report of the Disorders Inquiry Committee on 26th May, 1920 had completely shaken the faith of the people. In Haryana, the impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement was very intensive and it had succeeded in creating an atmosphere of hostility against the Government. The movement was very intense in Ambala district of Haryana.
• The Congress had not participated in the general elections of 1920. The dissidents, Chhotu Ram and Lal Chand, however, contested the elections and won. This resulted the emergence of Swarajists Party on sound footing. A branch of Swarajist Party was formed at Rohtak under the leadership of Sri Ram Sharma, whose local paper, the Haryana Tilak came to be regarded as the organ of the Congress in this region.
• On 30th October, 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai was assaulted by the police when he was leading a peaceful procession against all white men ‘’Simon Commission’’, which resulted in his death. His death created a widespread resentment throughout the country including Haryana region. Pt. Neki Ram Sharma held the commission responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai's death.
• During this time, branches of Naujawan Bharat Sabha were also set up in Haryana at Ambala, Karnal, Rohtak and Hissar. Its activities in Haryana were limited and could not become as significant as it was in Punjab. Its leaders in Haryana were more or less pro-Congress.
• In Haryana on 8th and 9th March, 1929, Punjab Provincial Political Conference was held at Rohtak which was attended by Moti Lal Nehru and Jawaharlal Nehru.Dr. Satyapal presided over the session. In the conference significant resolutions on Nehru Report and remission of land revenue were passed.
• At Lahore session of Indian National Congress in 1929, for the first time the resolution of Complete Independence was passed. In Haryana there was bonfire of foreign cloth took place at Sonipat, people went about in Prabhat pheris in the morning singing national and patriotic songs and poems. The mutiny week was also celebrated in the region.
• During the beginning of 1940 when the Second World War was in full swing, a Ahir company of Hyderabad Regiment raised a armed revolt under Zahir Khan. All these army men belonged to Haryana and they were under the spell of Arya Samaj and Congress party which was spearheading in the National Movement.
• The British Government arrested Ch. Devi Lal, Ram Dayal, Hukum Chand, Madan Gopal, Sahib Ram, Lekh Ram, Jan Muhammad and Pt. Pat Ram Verma for raising their voice in favour of Quit India Movement and other freedom activities. Chaudhary Devi Lal (former Deputy Prime Minister) and Shri Mool Chand Jain are known as legendary freedom fighters from Haryana.
• The people of Haryana played a notable role by joining themselves as members of Indian National Army, raised by Hon'ble Subhash Chandra Bose. Its main object was to wage war against the British. They believed in organized revolt. The INA was formed with the battle cry "Dilli chalo".

Formation of Haryana

• The area included in the present state of Haryana was ceded to the British East India Company in 1803.
• In 1832 it was transferred to the then North-Western Provinces of British India, and in 1858 Haryana became a part of Punjab.
• Due to the repressive policy of the British Government, no significant development was made in the region in the sphere of education, trades, industry, means of communication and irrigation. Consequently it remained backward throughout the 19th century.
• The union between Haryana and Punjab was awkward, largely because of religious and linguistic differences between the two regions: Punjabi-speaking Sikhs of Punjab vis-à-vis Hindi-speaking Hindus of Haryana.
• With the change of capital from Calcutta to Delhi on December 12,1911, the Haryana region was further isolated.
• In 1920’s, certain changes in Delhi district were suggested by the Muslim League and people of the region to Sir J.P. Thomson, the Commissioner of Delhi.
• In 1928, all parties conference at Delhi again made a demand for extension of the boundaries of Delhi.
• Further, the agitation for a separate state of Haryana was led by Lala Lajpat Rai and Asaf Ali, both prominent figures in the Indian national movement, as well as by Neki Ram Sharma, who headed a committee to cultivate the concept of an autonomous state.
• At the Second Round Table Conference in 1931, Sir Geoffrey Corbert, Financial Commissioner of the then Punjab Government and Secretary of the Indian Delegation to the Round Table Conference,suggested the reorganisation of the Punjab boundaries and the separation of the Ambala Division from Punjab.
• In 1932, Deshbandhu Gupta stated that "Hindi speaking region had never been a part of Punjab. It was essential for the development of this region to separate it from Punjab and form a new State by uniting with it certain adjoining parts of Delhi,Rajasthan and of the U.P.
• The demand of the creation of the Greater Delhi or Vishal Haryana was actively supported by several leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Moti Lal Nehru, Asaf Ali, Sir Chhotu Ram and Pt. Thakur Dass Bhargava.
• Haryana remained part of Punjab after the independence in 1947, but the demand for separate states—supported by both Hindus and Sikhs—continued, undiminished. Indeed, the movement gained momentum, reaching its fullest intensity in the early 1960s.
• Finally, with the passage of the Punjab Reorganization Act (and in accordance with the earlier recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission), Haryana was separated from Punjab in 1966 to become the 17th state of India on the recommendation of the Sardar Hukam Singh Parliamentary Committee.
• The formation of this committee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September 1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people.
• The commission gave its report on 31 May, 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the Tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included.
• The city of Chandigarh, and a Punjabi speaking area of district Rupnagar were made a union territory serving as the capital of both Punjab a nd Haryana.
• According to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord, Chandigarh was to be transferred to the state of Punjab in 1986, but the transfer was delayed and it has not been executed so far.

• Events with important Information related to Formation of Haryana:

  Date/ Facts	Events
  1803	Haryana was ceded to the British East India Company
  1832	Transferred to North-Western Provinces of British India
  1858	Haryana became part of Punjab
  December 12, 1911	transfer of the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi
  1920s	changes in the Delhi district recommended Sir J.P. Thomson
  1928	Expansion of the boundaries of Delhi.
  1931	Second Round Table Conference
  1947	India became independent
  Demand of 'Greater Delhi'	Lala Deshbandhu Gupta and Asaf Ali
  September 1966	Punjab Reorganization Act
  November 1, 1966	Formation of Haryana
  Shri Dharamvir	first Governor of the state
  Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma	first Chief Minister