Context: The Indian Navy on March 23 completed 100 days from December 23 of the ongoing maritime security operations under the aegis of Operation Sankalp. The Indian Navy during this time responded to 18 incidents and played First Responder role.

About Operation Sankalp

• The Indian Navy responded to Israel – Hamas conflict in the maritime domain by re-orienting and enhancing the scope of maritime security operations since mid-Dec 23.

• The navy undertook proactive actions during the hijacking of Malta-flagged Bulk Carrier MV Ruen.

• During this time, it responded to 18 incidents and has played a pivotal role as the ‘First Responder’ and ‘Preferred Security Partner’ in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

• The naval ships, aircraft, and Special Forces demonstrated a resolve to ‘secure the seas’ and protect the maritime community from various non-traditional threats present in the region.

• It is conducting maritime security operations in three areas of operations- Gulf of Aden and adjoining areas, Arabian Sea, and off the East Coast of Somalia.

• The arduous efforts involved deployment of over 5000 personnel at sea, over 450 ship days, and 900 hours of flying by maritime surveillance aircraft to address threats.

• Information Fusion Centre – Indian  Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) launched in 2018 at Gurugram, served as a principal hub for enabling information exchange in IOR.

• Coordinated missions with IAF and national agencies during this period has also highlighted the synergy and interoperability of the Services.

• There was an increase in the presence of warships from regional and extra-regional navies, since the emergence of piracy in the Indian Ocean Region.

• Over 110 lives were saved, 15 lakh tons of critical commodities escorted (such as fertilizers, crude oil, and finished products), and nearly 1000 boarding operations were undertaken.

• About 3000 kgs of narcotics were seized and over 450 MVs assured.

• The response of IN to various security situations proved that ‘Safety of Life at Sea’ remains an overarching principle irrespective of the nationality of seafarers.

Why was Operation Sankalp initiated?

• The operation was initiated in response to increasing maritime threats in the Arabian Sea and the IOR, including piracy and attacks from non-state actors like the Houthi rebels. Its goal is to safeguard international maritime trade routes and ensure the safety of life at sea.

How does Operation Sankalp address threats from the Houthi rebels?

• Operation Sankalp involves extensive surveillance, boarding operations, and coordination with international partners to monitor and counter threats. By maintaining a strong naval presence and readiness to respond to incidents, the Indian Navy aims to deter and address potential threats from Houthi rebels and other non-state actors.

Are there international collaborations involved in Operation Sankalp?

• Yes, Operation Sankalp involves collaboration with international forces such as China's Anti Piracy Escort Force and Europe's EUNAVFOR, as well as coordination with countries affected by piracy and maritime threats. This collaborative approach enhances the effectiveness of anti-piracy and maritime security efforts.

How does Operation Sankalp impact India's maritime interests?

• Operation Sankalp plays a crucial role in protecting India's maritime interests by ensuring the safety of shipping routes that are vital for India's trade and energy security. It also reinforces India's position as a responsible naval power committed to maintaining regional stability and safeguarding the maritime commons.

What is the significance of the Indian Navy's role in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR)?

• The Indian Navy's role in the Indian Ocean Region is critical for several reasons. As the primary maritime force in an area central to global trade and energy routes, the Indian Navy ensures the security of sea lanes against threats like piracy, terrorism, and interstate conflicts. The IOR is strategic not only for India's economic growth through maritime trade but also for its energy security, as a significant portion of the world's oil shipments pass through this region.

Can Operation Sankalp deter future maritime threats?

• Operation Sankalp is designed not just to respond to immediate threats but also to deter future maritime security threats by establishing a visible and capable presence in the region. The operation's successes in surveillance, interdiction, and rescue missions send a strong message to potential aggressors about the Indian Navy's readiness to protect maritime interests and uphold international maritime laws.

How does the Indian Navy coordinate with international partners in Operation Sankalp?

• The Indian Navy coordinates with international partners through joint exercises, information sharing, and operational cooperation. This collaborative approach enhances mutual understanding, strategic alignment, and operational effectiveness, making maritime security efforts more cohesive and robust against shared threats.

What future challenges might Operation Sankalp face?

• Future challenges could include evolving maritime threats such as sophisticated piracy tactics, cyber-attacks on maritime infrastructure, and geopolitical tensions affecting the security environment in the IOR. Adapting to these emerging threats will require continuous assessment, technological advancement, and enhanced international cooperation to ensure the operation's ongoing success and the security of the maritime domain.