Explanation:

• The recent judgments from Justice Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy of the Madras High Court raised concerns regarding exclusions to patentability in pharmaceutical and medical patents under Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970, in India.

Chapter II, Section 3 of the Indian Patents Act stipulates what is not considered an invention under the law and is therefore not patentable in India:

• inventions being frivolous or contrary to public order, morality, public health, the environment, etc.

• scientific discoveries

• mere discoveries of new forms of known substances

• methods of agriculture or horticulture

• diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals

• plants and animals other than micro-organisms

• mathematical or business methods or computer programs per se or algorithms

• literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation

• schemes, rules or methods of performing mental acts or methods of playing games

• presentations of information

• topography of integrated circuits

• traditional knowledge

• Inventions relating to atomic energy are not patentable either.

Hence option 4th is correct.