Explanation:

All statements are correct.

Global Cooling Pledge

Recently 63 countries, excluding India signed up the World’s first-ever pledge to drastically cut cooling emissions at the ongoing COP28 climate summit.

• Cooling emissions are essentially emissions generated from refrigerants, used in appliances like ACs and refrigerators and the energy used for cooling.

• The cooling emissions now account for 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are expected to triple by 2050.

• HFC-134a, a form of HFC and most commonly used in domestic fridges, has a global warming potential of 3,400 times that of CO2.

• The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, agrees to reduce HFC consumption by 80% by 2047.

• A recent report by International Energy Agency (IEA) indicate that since 1990, the energy consumption for space cooling (the process of cooling indoors) has more than tripled.

• According to a report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and IEA the number of global cooling devices is expected to increase from 3.6 billion to 9.5 billion by 2050.

• The situation is set to get worse as rising global temperatures will lead to a large-scale cooling demand the use of more ACs and refrigerators would cause more cooling emissions.

• Currently, cooling emissions aren’t a huge proportion of global greenhouse gases but it is likely to change soon if not addressed.

• Global Cooling Pledge – It commits countries to reduce their cooling-related emissions by at least 68% compared to 2022 level by 2050.

• The pledge is signed by 63 countries including the US, Canada, and Kenya.

• India has not signed the pledge, which is likely to see the greatest growth in demand for cooling in the coming decades.

• The pledge includes a target to establish a minimum energy performance standards by 2030.

Hence option 3rd is correct.