Explanation:

- Option 1: By stimulating innovation and inventions

- Human capital formation boosts creativity and new ideas, leading to technological advancements, which in turn drives economic growth.

- Option 2: By enabling human resources to understand changes in scientific advancement

- A skilled workforce can effectively assimilate and apply the latest scientific discoveries, enhancing productivity and economic development.

- Option 3: Human capital formation is inversely related to economic growth

- This is incorrect. Human capital formation typically supports, not detracts from, economic growth.

- Option 4: Both a) and b)

- Combining innovation with a practical understanding of scientific advancements maximizes economic growth potential by leveraging a well-educated workforce.

Option 4: Both a) and b)