Explanation:

- Rural Poverty: Poverty in rural areas often results from lack of access to education, healthcare, and employment. Many rely on agriculture, which is subject to environmental conditions and limited resources.

- Urban Poverty: People in cities face poverty due to high living costs, unemployment, and informal jobs. Urban areas may offer more services, but they are often inaccessible to the poor.

- Both a and b: Poverty affects both rural and urban areas, but the causes and impacts differ. Addressing both dimensions gives a comprehensive view of the issue.

- None of the above: This option would imply that neither is relevant, which is inaccurate as both rural and urban poverty are crucial to understanding poverty in India.

- Correct Answer: Option 3 - Both a and b

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