Explanation:

- Lingering challenges: These are ongoing issues that may have existed for some time, such as poverty, lack of infrastructure, and limited access to education and healthcare in rural areas.

- Emerging challenges: These refer to new problems that arise due to changes in the environment, economy, or society, such as climate change impacts, technological advancements, and evolving economic trends.

- Both a and b: This option suggests that the action plan addresses both lingering and emerging challenges, providing a comprehensive approach to rural development.

- None of these: This would mean the action plan does not focus on any of the given options, implying a different approach altogether.

Correct Answer: Option 3 - Both a and b