Explanation:

- Income Tax (Option 1): A tax levied directly on personal or corporate income.

- Gift Tax (Option 2): A tax imposed on the transfer of property by one individual to another while receiving nothing or less than full value in return.

- Both (a) and (b) (Option 3): This option suggests that both Income Tax and Gift Tax are direct taxes.

- Excise Tax (Option 4): An indirect tax charged on the sale of a particular good.

Correct Answer: Option 3 - Both (a) and (b) (Income Tax and Gift Tax)

Both Income Tax and Gift Tax are direct taxes as they are directly levied on individuals or entities.