Explanation:

- Excise Duty: This is a tax on the production or sale of a good within a country. It is paid by the manufacturer, who then typically passes the cost onto consumers through higher prices.

- Sales Tax: This is levied on the sale of goods and services. The business collects the tax from consumers when they purchase goods and then remits it to the government.

- Custom Duty: This is a tariff or tax on goods transported across international borders. Importers generally pay these duties, who may pass the costs onto consumers.

- All of these: All these taxes are considered indirect because they are initially paid by one entity (manufacturers, retailers, importers) but ultimately borne by the consumers.