Explanation:

- Income Tax: It's a direct tax that individuals and entities pay on their earnings or profits. It's based on income levels and applies directly to the taxpayer.

- Gift Tax: This is also a direct tax, levied on the transfer of wealth in the form of gifts from one person to another. It is applicable to the person giving the gift.

- Excise Duty: This is an indirect tax applied to the manufacturing of goods within a country. The tax is included in the sales price and not paid directly by the consumer to the tax authorities.

- Correct Answer: Option 3, Both (a) and (b):