Explanation:

Let’s break it down:

- Option 1: Demand increases rapidly—This doesn’t cause a deflationary gap. In fact, rising demand usually pushes prices up, possibly leading to inflation.

- Option 2: Supply increases rapidly—Getting closer. If supply jumps ahead of demand, a deflationary gap can appear because there’s more stuff than people want to buy.

- Option 3: Both demand and supply are equal—If supply matches demand, there’s no gap at all. The economy's balanced.

- Option 4: All of these—Not quite. Only a rapid increase in supply (with weaker demand) actually creates the deflationary gap.

The right answer is Option 2.