Explanation:

- Increase in output and employment: Monetary policy often aims to boost economic growth and reduce unemployment by adjusting interest rates and influencing the money supply. This can encourage spending and investment, stimulating the economy.

- Stability in the foreign exchange rate: Central banks may use monetary policy tools to prevent excessive fluctuations in the currency exchange rates, which can impact international trade and economic stability.

- Price stability: Controlling inflation is a key goal. By managing the money supply, central banks strive to avoid hyperinflation or deflation, maintaining stable prices to ensure economic confidence.

- All of these: The comprehensive goal of monetary policy often includes promoting economic growth, maintaining currency stability, and ensuring price stability.