Explanation:

- Encoding: This is the process of converting a message into symbols, numbers, or other forms for transmission or storage. It involves transforming information into a format that can be easily communicated or stored.

- Decoding: This is the inverse of encoding. It is the process of converting encoded symbols back into their original message form for understanding or interpretation.

- Coding: Generally refers to the process of writing instructions for computers or encoding information, but it can also be synonymous with encoding in some contexts.

- Both (b) and (c): Incorrect as encoding and decoding are distinct processes.

Correct Answer: Option 1—Encoding