Explanation:

- Option 1: Superior and subordinate

- Formal communication flows from a higher authority to a lower one. This could be instructions or directives.

- Option 2: Subordinate and superior

- Communication in the opposite direction also occurs. Subordinates may report on progress, ask for guidance, or give feedback.

- Option 3: Two managers at the same level

- Managers may communicate formally to coordinate activities, share resources, or align strategies.

- Option 4: All of the above

- All the above scenarios are valid in formal communication. Communication isn't restricted to hierarchical pathways and can occur at all levels for effective organizational functioning.