Explanation:

- Co-ordination

- Co-ordination ensures all parts of management work together harmoniously.

- It aligns all management functions - planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

- It's essential for achieving organizational goals efficiently.

- Cooperation

- Implies working together willingly for common purpose.

- It's more about individual willingness than structural harmony.

- Planning

- Establishes goals and outlines steps to reach them.

- It's a standalone function within the management process.

- Management Hierarchy

- Describes the levels of authority within an organization.

- It doesn't bind functions but organizes authority and responsibility.