Context

A rare case of an intrahepatic ectopic pregnancy—where the fetus was developing inside the liver—was recently reported in Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh.

What Is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Since the uterus is the only organ capable of supporting fetal development, ectopic pregnancies cannot proceed normally and require urgent medical intervention.

Causes

Normally, a fertilized egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. If this path is blocked—due to inflammation, scarring, surgery, or anatomical issues—the egg may implant elsewhere, such as:

• Fallopian tube (tubal pregnancy)
• Ovary
• Abdominal cavity
• Cervix

Symptoms

• Early signs resemble a normal pregnancy (missed period, breast tenderness)
• Warning signs include sharp abdominal or pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, dizziness or fainting, shoulder pain, and low blood pressure
• A ruptured fallopian tube is a medical emergency

Prevalence

• A 2023 Indian hospital study found ectopic pregnancy rates between 0.91% and 2.3%.
• Globally, ectopic pregnancies have declined from 1990 to 2019 but remain higher in low socio-demographic index (SDI) countries, according to a 2025 global study.

Diagnosis

• Blood tests, urine tests, and transvaginal ultrasound are used to diagnose ectopic pregnancies, often identified in early stages.

Treatment

Medical Management:

• Methotrexate is used to stop cell growth and dissolve the embryo, effective only for early, unruptured cases.

Surgical Intervention:

• Laparoscopic surgery to remove the embryo or affected fallopian tube.
• Emergency surgery is needed if rupture occurs.

Source: The Hindu