Context: Recently, the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) found that the sailfin catfish has spread to nearly 60% in the water bodies of Eastern Ghats using eDNA method.

• eDNA refers to the genetic material obtained from environmental samples such as soil, water, or air. It is used to detect and identify species present in a particular environment.

About the Study

• Technique Used: eDNA-based quantitative PCR assay, developed by CCMB scientists.

• Purpose: To map the presence and spread of invasive species using environmental DNA (eDNA) collected from water samples.

Advantages of eDNA Method

• More reliable and accurate than conventional methods.

• Cost-effective and capable of covering large landscapes rapidly.

• Enables simultaneous testing of about 20 water bodies in a single lab test.

Key Findings of the Study

• Armoured sailfin catfish has spread to 60% of the water bodies in the Eastern Ghats.

• Causes significant ecological disruption, including damage to fishing nets.

Contributions to Ecology

• Facilitates early detection and management of invasive species.

• Supports the survival of native and economically important fish species.

• Helps preserve ecosystems and maintain ecological equilibrium.

About Armoured Sailfin Catfish (ASC)

• It is also known as Rakashi or devil fish.

• It was introduced for its unique appearance and its ability to clean algal growth in tanks and aquaria.

• It is native fish species of South America, and has established stable populations in various freshwater ecosystems outside their native range due to its invasive nature.

• It was once introduced in Eastern Ghats of India for its unique appearance and its ability to clean algal growth in tanks and aquaria, but its population has grown exponentially.

• The rapid growth of this species and their ability to live for more than 10 years, makes them a significant concern for biodiversity.

• IUCN Red List: Least Concern

Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB)

• It is a premier research organisation of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in frontier areas of modern biology, working under the Ministry of Science and Technology.

• It aims to conduct high-quality basic research and training in frontier areas of modern biology, and promote centralised national facilities for new and modern techniques in the interdisciplinary areas of biology.

Invasive Species

• Invasive alien species (IAS) represent a significant threat to biodiversity, ecosystems, and human well-being worldwide.

• These species often outcompete or negatively interact with native species, disrupt natural processes, and can lead to significant ecological imbalances. They can be plants, animals, fungi, or even microbes.

• Examples: Lantana (Lantana Camara), Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes), Goat Weed etc.