Explanation:

Correct Option: (d) Explanation:  Option (d) is incorrect: canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks. Supplementary notes: Valleys  Valleys start as small and narrow rills; the rills will gradually develop into long and wide gullies; the gullies will further deepen, widen and lengthen to give rise to valleys.  Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valley, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.  A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides (and a canyon is characterised by steep steplike side slopes and may be as deep as a gorge.  A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom. In contrast, a canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant of gorge.  Valley types depend upon the type and structure of rocks in which they form. For example, canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks and gorges form in hard rocks.