A recent UN demographic report states that India’s population will reach 1.46 billion in 2025, making it the most populous nation. However, its total fertility rate has declined to 1.9 births per woman, falling below the replacement threshold of 2.1, signaling a major demographic transition with long-term socio-economic implications.

Key Highlights:

Population Milestone:
India’s population is projected to hit 1.46 billion in 2025, solidifying its position as the world’s largest country by population 

Fertility Decline:
The total fertility rate (TFR) has dropped to 1.9 births per woman—below the replacement level of 2.1—marking a shift from 2.3 in 2014 and 2.0 in 2021 

Demographic Transition & Youth Profile:
Despite lower fertility, India retains a young demographic—68% are of working age (15–64), 24% are between 0–14, and 26% are aged 10–24—suggesting a continued demographic dividend.

Long-Term Outlook:
While population growth continues due to demographic momentum, the UN projects a peak before mid-century, with decline beginning about 40 years from now 

Empowerment & Choice:
The UNFPA report emphasizes the need to focus on reproductive agency—ensuring people can freely make informed choices about family size without coercion