Explanation:

Explanation :

Government of India Act, 1935

 The Government of India Act was approved by the British parliament on 24 july 1935 and came into effect on 1 April 1937. It was based on Lord Linlithgow’s Joint Select Committee’s report. The data came from the Joint Committee’s analysis of the British government’s ‘White Paper,’ a constitutional reform programme produced immediately after the Round Table conferences held between 1930 -1932. 

Key Points 

• It removed the “dyarchy” system at the provincial level, allowing democratically elected provincial legislatures to be formed, and implemented it at the federal level.
• The Federal List was separated into two categories: Reserved and Transferred.
• The Governor-General was in charge of the reserved topics, which he handled with the support of three advisers he chose. They didn’t have to answer to the lawmakers. Defence, religious affairs (church-related), external affairs, press, police, taxation, justice, power resources, and tribal affairs were among the topics covered.
• The Governor-General and his Council of Ministers were in charge of the transferred subjects (not more than 10). The Council has to act in the legislature’s best interests. Local governance, forests, education, and health were among the topics included in this list.
• The Governor-General, on the other hand, had “special powers” to intervene in the transferred subjects as well.
• In Delhi, a federal court was established to settle conflicts between provinces as well as between the centre and the provinces.
• It was to have one Chief Justice and a maximum of six judge.
• The franchise was increased from 3% to 14% of the total population.
• For the first time in India, this Act established direct elections.
• From the Bombay Presidency, Sindh emerged and Bihar and Orissa were separated.
• Burma was cut off from the rest of India and Aden was set up as a Crown colony  after being separated from India.
• The Reserve Bank of India was founded to manage India’s currency and credit.
• The Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commission, and Joint Public Service Commission were established for two or more provinces.

Drawbacks

• By granting the Princely States 1/3rd representation in the envisaged Federal Assembly based on the nomination, the British shrewdly wanted to have their say in the Assembly through “committed princes.” This charade was exposed by Congress and never implemented.
• The system of religion-based and class-based electorates was bolstered, fuelling separatist sentiments.
• The Government of India 1935 Act allegedly attempted to offer provinces autonomy by deriving the Governor’s legal authority from the British Crown. 
• It established an extremely rigid constitution with amending powers reserved for the British Parliament, depriving Indians of any appearance of self-determination. The Government of India 1935 Act, in the words of Jawaharlal Nehru, “supplied a car with all brakes and no engines.”