Explanation:

Biodiversity conservation: When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected - we save the entire forest to save the tiger. This approach is called in situ (on-site) conservation. However, when there are situations where an animal or plant is endangered or threatened and needs urgent measures to save it from extinction, ex-situ (off-site) conservation is the desirable approach. • In-situ conservation is the on-site conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species. In India, ecologically unique and biodiversity-rich regions are legally protected as biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, reserved forests, protected forests, and nature reserves. India has also a history of religious and cultural traditions that emphasized the protection of nature. In many cultures, tracts of forest were set aside, and all the trees and wildlife within were venerated and given total protection. In Meghalaya, the sacred groves are the last refuge for a large number of rare and threatened plants. Sacred groves are a fine example of in-situ conservation. • Ex situ Conservation–In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special settings where they can be protected and given special care. Zoological parks, botanical gardens, and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. In recent years ex-situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species in enclosures. Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile conditions for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilized in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants can be kept for long periods in seed banks. • Hence option (c) is the correct answer.