Explanation:

Explanation: In December, 1922, C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party, with C.R. Das as the President and Motilal Nehru as one of the Secretaries. The new party was to function as a group within the Congress. It accepted the Congress programme, except in one respect—it would take part in the Council elections. The Swarajists and the „No-Changers? were now engaged in fierce political controversy. Even Gandhiji, who had been released on 5th February, 1924, on grounds of health, failed in his efforts to unite them. But both were determined to avoid the disastrous experience of the 1907 split at Surat. On the advice of Gandhiji, the two groups agreed to remain in the Congress, though they would work in their separate ways. Even though the Swarajists had little time for preparations, they did very well in the election of November, 1923. They won 42 seats out of the 101 elected seats in the Central Legislative Assembly. With the cooperation of other Indian groups, they repeatedly out-voted the government in the Central Assembly and in several of the Provincial Councils. They agitated through powerful speeches on the questions of self-government, civil liberties and industrial development. In March, 1925, they succeeded in electing Vithalbhai J. Patel, a leading nationalist leader, as the President (Speaker) of the Central Legislative Assembly. They filled the political void at a time when the national movement was recouping its strength. They also exposed the hollowness of the Reform Act of 1919. But, they failed to change the policies of the authoritarian Government of India and found it necessary to walk out of the Central Assembly, first in March, 1926, and then in January, 1930.  Meanwhile, the nationalist movement and the Swarajists suffered another grievous blow in the death of C.R. Das in June, 1925. As the Non-Cooperation Movement petered out and the people felt frustrated, communalism reared its ugly head. The communal elements took advantage of the situation to propagate their views and, after 1923, the country was repeatedly plunged into communal riots. The Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha, which was founded in December, 1917, once again became active. The result was that the growing feeling that all people were Indians first received a setback. Even the Swarajist Party, whose main leaders, Motilal Nehru and Das, were staunch nationalists, was split by communalism. A group, known as the =Responsivists‘, including Madan Mohan Malaviya, Lala Lajpat Rai and N.C. Kelkar, offered cooperation to the government, so that the so-called Hindu interests might be safeguarded. They accused Motilal Nehru of letting down the Hindus, of being antiHindu, of favouring cow slaughter and of eating beef. The Muslim communalists were no less active in fighting for the loaves and fishes of office. Gandhiji, who had repeatedly asserted that ?Hindu-Muslim unity must be our creed for all time and under all circumstances?, tried to intervene and improve the situation. In September, 1924, he went on a 21-day-fast at Delhi in Maulana Mohamed Ali‘s house, to do penance for the inhumanity revealed in the communal riots. Gandhiji wrote in May, 1927 : ?My only hope lies in prayer and answers to prayer.? But, behind the scenes, forces of national upsurge had been growing. When, in November, 1927, the announcement of the formation of the Simon Commission came, India again emerged from darkness and entered a new era of political struggle.