Explanation:

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act (The Rowlatt Act), 1919: ? An extension to the Defence of India Regulations Act, 1915, was passed in March, 1919. It was what was officially called the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, but popularly known as the Rowlatt Act. ? It was based on the recommendations made in the previous year to the Imperial Legislative Council by the Rowlatt Commission, headed by the British judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt, to investigate the =seditious conspiracy‘ of the Indian people. ? All the elected Indian members of the Imperial Legislative Council voted against the Bill, but they were in a minority and easily overruled by the official nominees. All the elected Indian members – who included Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mazhar Ul Haq – resigned in protest. ? Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act — The first mass strike by Gandhiji.