Explanation:

Correct option: (d) Explanation:  Option (d) is correct Bhakti Movement in North India  Historians have not found evidence of anything resembling the compositions of the Alvars and Nayanars till the fourteenth century in North India.  In north India this was the period when several Rajput states emerged. In most of these states Brahmanas occupied positions of importance, performing a range of secular and ritual functions. There seems to have been little or no attempt to challenge their position directly.  At the same time other religious leaders like Naths, Siddhas and Jogis, who did not function within the orthodox Brahmanical framework, were gaining ground. Many of them came from artisanal groups, including weavers, who were becoming increasingly important with the development of organized craft production. [Demand for such production grew with the emergence of new urban centres, and long-distance trade with Central Asia and West Asia].  Many of these new religious leaders questioned the authority of the Vedas, and expressed themselves in languages spoken by ordinary people.  A new element in the situation was the coming of the Turks which culminated in the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate (thirteenth century). This undermined the power of many of the Rajput states and the Brahmanas who were associated with these kingdoms. Topic: Medieval India Sub-topic: North Indian Kingdoms