Explanation:

Explanation :

Mirasidars

• They were designated revenue payer to the state during the Mughal Period.
• They were responsible for collecting revenue from a particular area and paying to the state .
• They were given the revenue paying rights in exchange for their military service to the state.
• Under the ryotwari settlement system, the government recognized mirasdars as the sole proprietors of land.

Qalandars

• Qalandars, also known as Qalandariyya, were a group of Sufi mystics who emerged in medieval India during the 12th century. They were known for their unorthodox practices and beliefs, which often involved asceticism, dancing, and chanting.
• The Qalandariyya order was founded in the 12th century by a Persian Sufi named Abu Sa'id al-Qalandar. He was known for his wandering lifestyle, and his disciples followed in his footsteps by traveling from place to place, relying on the generosity of others for their survival.
• The Qalandars were known for their unconventional practices, which often involved physical exertion, self-denial, and ecstatic experiences. They believed that by transcending their physical bodies and ego, they could attain a direct experience of divine reality.

Persian Calligraphist

• Persian calligraphy or Iranian calligraphy is the calligraphy of the Persian language. It is one of the most revered arts throughout the history of Iran.
• After the introduction of Islam in the 7th century, Persians adapted the Arabic alphabet to Persian and developed the contemporary Persian alphabet. The Arabic alphabet has 28 characters. An additional four letters were added by Iranians which resulted in the 32 letters currently present in the Persian alphabet.

Sayyids

Sayyid Dynasty was founded by Khizr Khan in 1414 A.D, and the rule of this dynasty ended when Ala-ud-din Shah was the ruler

Khizr Khan (1414- 1421 A.D.)

1. He was the founder of Sayyid Dynasty
2. He did not swear any royal title.
3. He was the Governor of Multan.
4. He took advantage of the disordered situation in India after Timur’s invasion.
5. In 1414 A.D. he occupied the throne of Delhi.
6. He brought parts of Surat, Dilapur, and Punjab under his control.
7. But he lost Bengal, Deccan, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Khandesh and Malwa.
8. In 1421 he died.
9. Mubarak Shah Khizr Khan’s son succeeded him.

Mubarak Shah (1421-1434 A.D.)

1. Mubarak Shah crushed the local chiefs of the Doab region and the Khokhars.
2. He is first Sultan ruler to appoint Hindu nobles in the court of Delhi.
3. He constructed “Mubarakbad” City on the banks of the river Jamuna.
4. Muhammad Shah Mubarak’s nephew succeeded him.

Muhammad Shah (1434-1445 A.D.)

1. He defeated the ruler of Malwa with the help of Bahlul Lodi the Governor of Lahore.
2. He conferred Bahlul Lodi with the title Khan-i-Khanan for help in defeating the ruler of Malwa.
3. Later Ala-ud-din Shah succeeded him. 

Ala-ud-din Shah (1445-1457 A.D.)

1. He was not a strong ruler.
2. Ala-ud-din Shah was removed from the throne by Bahlul Lodi in 1457 A.D. by Bahlul Lodi who was the Governor of Lahore. Delhi was captured by him and he was sent to Badaun.
3. Ala-ud-din Shah died in Badaun in 1478 A.D.