Consider the following statements 1 Khadar is a narrow porous northernmost stretch of Indo Gangetic ...........

Geography and Environment Physiography of India

Consider the following statements:

1. Khadar is a narrow, porous, northernmost stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain

2. Bangar is the older alluvium along the river beds forming terraces higher than the floodplain.

3. Bhabhar is an ill-drained, damp (marshy) and thickly forested narrow tract to the south of Bhabar

4. Terai is composed of newer alluvium and forms the flood plains along the river banks.

Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?

1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

1, 2, 3 and 4

The Khadar
Statement 1 is incorrect. The Khadar is composed of newer alluvium and forms the flood plains along the river banks. It is in south of bhangar.
A new layer of alluvium is deposited by river floods almost every year.
This makes them the most fertile soils of Ganges.

The Bhangar
Statement 2 is correct. The Bhangar is the older alluvium along the river beds forming terraces higher than the floodplain. It is in south of Tarai.
The terraces are often impregnated with calcareous concretions known as ‘KANKAR’.
‘The Barind plains’ in the deltaic region of Bengal and the ‘bhur formations’ in the middle Ganga and Yamuna doab are regional variations of Bhangar.
Geomorphological features of Indo – Gangetic – Brahmaputra Plain

The Bhabar
Statement 3 is incorrect. It is a narrow, porous, northernmost stretch of Indo-Gangetic plain.It is about 8-16 km wide running in an east-west direction along the foothills (alluvial fans) of the Shiwaliks.

They show a remarkable continuity from the Indus to the Tista.
Rivers descending from the Himalayas deposit their load along the foothills in the form of alluvial fans.
These alluvial fans have merged together to build up the bhabar belt.
The porosity of bhabar is the most unique feature.
The porosity is due to deposition of huge number of pebbles and rock debris across the alluvial fans.
The streams disappear once they reach the bhabar region because of this porosity.
Therefore, the area is marked by dry river courses except in the rainy season.
The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and extensive in the western and north-western hilly region.
The area is not suitable for agriculture and only big trees with large roots thrive in this belt.

The Terai
Statement 4 is incorrect. Terai is an ill-drained, damp (marshy) and thickly forested narrow tract to the south of Bhabar running parallel to it.
The Terai is about 15-30 km wide.
The underground streams of the Bhabar belt re-emerge in this belt.
This thickly forested region provides shelter to a variety of wildlife. [Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand and Kaziranga National Park in Assam lie in terai region]
The Terai is more marked in the eastern part than in the west because the eastern parts receive comparatively higher amount of rainfall.
Most of the Terai land, especially in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, has been turned into agricultural land which gives good crops of sugarcane, rice and wheat.