Explanation:

Jallianwala Bagh massacre :

• On April 9, two nationalist leaders, Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr Satyapal, were arrested by the British officials without any provocation except that they had addressed protest meetings, and taken to some unknown destination.
• This caused resentment among the Indian protestors who came out in thousands on April 10 to show their solidarity with their leaders.
• Soon the protests turned violent because the police resorted to fi ring in which some of the protestors were killed.
• On Baisakhi day, a large crowd of people mostly from neighbouring villages, unaware of the prohibitory orders in the city, gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh, a popular place for public events, to celebrate the Baisakhi festival.
• The troops surrounded the gathering under orders from General Dyer and blocked the only exit point and opened fire on the unarmed crowd.
• No warning was issued, no instruction to disperse was given. An unarmed gathering of men, women and children was fi red upon as they tried to flee.
• The Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, ordered that a committee of inquiry be formed to investigate the matter.