Explanation:

Only statements 1&3 correct.

Scheduled Tribe (ST) Communities in India

• India’s 705 Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities make up around 8.6% of the country’s population and live in 26 States and 6 Union Territories.

• Article 244 deals with the administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas, which is the single most important constitutional provision for STs.

• Articles 244(1) provides for the application of Fifth Schedule provisions to Scheduled Areas notified in any State other than Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.

• The Sixth Schedule applies to these states as per Article 244(2).

• Scheduled Areas cover 11.3% of India’s land area, and have been notified in 10 States.

• The 10 states includes: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Himachal Pradesh.

• However, despite persistent demands by Adivasi organisations, villages have been left out in the 10 States with Scheduled Areas and in other States with ST population.

• As a result, 59% of India’s STs remain outside the purview of Article 244.

They are denied rights under the laws applicable to Scheduled Areas, that includes:

• The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

• Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and

• The Biological Diversity Act 2002.

• The Fifth Schedule confers powers exclusively on the President to declare any area to be a Scheduled Area.

• States with Scheduled Areas need to constitute a Tribal Advisory Council with up to 20 ST members.

• They will advise the Governor on matters referred to them regarding ST welfare. The Governor will then submit a report every year to the President regarding the administration of Scheduled Areas.

Hence option 2nd is correct.